Migrationُ s Developmental Role in Human Capital Formation: Evidence from (Morocco, India, and Jordan): Peran Migrasi dalam Pembentukan Modal Manusia: Bukti dari (Maroko, India, dan Yordania)

Shaymaa Rasheed Mohaisen (College of Administration and Economics, University of Karbala)
Ameera K. Lafta (University of Technology)
Sohaila Abdul Zahra Mastour (Administration and Economics College, Mustansiriyah University)

Academia Open
Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June

General Background: International migration has become a defining global phenomenon shaping economic and social structures in both sending and receiving countries. Specific Background: Migration is closely linked to human capital formation through remittances, knowledge transfer, and labor mobility, while simultaneously generating challenges related to skilled labor outflows. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies present divergent findings and lack comparative analysis across countries with different migration profiles. Aims: This study examines the developmental role of migration in human capital formation using comparative evidence from Morocco, India, and Jordan. Results: The findings reveal a dual relationship in which migration supports skill accumulation, educational financing, and professional networking, while also contributing to brain drain and sectoral skill shortages. Novelty: The article provides a cross-country analytical framework that highlights context-specific migration outcomes. Implications: The results underline the importance of integrated migration and development policies that leverage remittances, diaspora networks, and return migration to support sustainable human capital development. Keywords: International Migration, Human Capital, Remittances, Brain Drain, Development Key Findings Highlights: Migration generates both skill accumulation and skilled labor loss across countries Remittances serve as a strategic resource for education and economic stability National policy context determines developmental outcomes of migration