<![CDATA[Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the anticancer properties of Annona senegalensis stem bark extract in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats. Liver carcinogenesis was induced in groups II–VI by intraperitoneal injection of DEN (50 mg/kg body weight in DMSO) once weekly for three weeks. Group II served as the negative control, while group III was the positive control (treated with silymarin, 100 mg/kg b.w.). Groups IV, V, and VI received ethanol extracts of A. senegalensis at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg b.w., respectively, administered orally for 14 days. Treatment with the extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced blood urea and creatinine levels, improved electrolyte balance, and enhanced liver histoarchitecture. The extract also favorably modulated lipid metabolism, lowering cholesterol levels from 368.57 ± 1.72 in the negative control to 251.31 ± 1.10 at 400 mg/kg, while increasing HDL levels from 96.21 ± 1.23 to 233.13 ± 0.86 at 600 mg/kg. These results suggest a cardioprotective role via improved lipid profiles. Additionally, kidney function was improved, as reflected by reduced urea (17.30 ± 0.85) and creatinine (2.67 ± 0.23) compared to negative controls (34.53 ± 0.70 and 3.72 ± 0.45, respectively). Overall, the ethanol extract of A. senegalensis demonstrated hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and lipid-regulating effects, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating DEN-induced HCC and its associated metabolic complications.]]>
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