Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION

DEVELOPMENT OF A SCORING SYSTEM FOR PREDICTING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME EVENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Ihsan Angga Anjarwadi (Master of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta)
Azizah Khoiriyati (Unknown)
Erna Rochmawati (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Mar 2026

Abstract

Clinical scoring systems are widely used to support early risk stratification and clinical decision-making in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the characteristics, development processes, and clinical applications of these scoring systems remain dispersed across the literature. This scoping review aims to map and synthesize the available evidence on scoring systems used to assess or predict ACS events in hospital settings. A scoping review methodology was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Emerald. The search terms included “acute coronary syndrome,” “scoring system,” OR “score predictor,” and “in hospital.” Of 1,961 identified records, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening. Data were extracted using a charting approach to summarize study characteristics, scoring system variables, and reported outcomes. The review identified eleven ACS scoring systems, including widely used models such as GRACE, TIMI, and HEART. These scoring tools primarily incorporate clinical indicators such as age, systolic blood pressure, electrocardiogram findings, cardiac biomarkers, and cardiovascular risk factors. The results indicate that ACS scoring systems can be broadly categorized according to their clinical objectives, including diagnostic risk assessment, prognostic prediction, and early risk stratification in emergency settings. This review highlights the variability of predictive models across different clinical contexts and emphasizes the importance of selecting practical scoring systems that rely on readily available clinical indicators. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of existing ACS scoring systems and offer a conceptual framework that may help clinicians select appropriate risk assessment tools and guide future research on the development of simplified prediction models.  Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Risk Score, Clinical Prediction Model, Risk Stratification

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Journal Info

Abbrev

contagion

Publisher

Subject

Health Professions Public Health

Description

Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the ...