A Comparative Evaluation of Indonesia and China's Flood Risk Assessment and Disaster Risk Reduction Planning

Arno A. Kuntoro (1) Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. 2) Center for Water Resources Development., Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Reini D. Wirahadikusumah (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Patria Kusumaningrum (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Ahmad Nur Wahid (Center for Water Resources Development., Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Iqbal F. Herlambang (Center for Water Resources Development., Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Xu Lilai (Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065)
Krishna S. Pribadi (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Eliza R. Puri (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Rusmawan Suwarman (Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Aden Firdaus (Graduate School of Civil Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Roi Milyardi (Graduate School of Civil Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)
Kevin Immanuel (Graduate School of Civil Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132)

Civil Engineering Journal
Vol. 12 No. 4 (2026): April

Floods are the most frequent disasters caused by combinations of natural and anthropogenic factors. Given the increasing intensity and frequency of floods, especially in Asian mega-urban regions, effective Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) strategies are critical. This study presents a comparative evaluation of the national flood risk assessment methods in Indonesia and China, followed by a flood risk map analysis calculated using the Chinese and Indonesian standards for flood risk assessment, specifically for a case study in Bandung City, Indonesia. We found that the Chinese standard method produces a broader spatial identification of high flood risk areas, influenced by rainfall intensity and topography, which better represents pluvial flood risks. Meanwhile, the Indonesian method produces localized high flood risk near rivers, which better represents fluvial flood risks. In the case study of Bandung City, the occurrence of pluvial floods was more dominant than fluvial floods. Therefore, the spatial accuracy of the Chinese method was slightly higher than the Indonesian method. The study emphasizes the importance of a national flood assessment method that balances accuracy, data availability, computational resources, and local/regional characteristics to cope with the increasing risk in urbanized flood-prone areas.