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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,752 Documents

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Investigating the Effect of Viscous Damper on Seismic Behavior of Steel Dual Frames with Divergent Bracing Affected by Near and Far Fields Earthquake to Fault Hamid Reza Ashrafi; Mozafar Shokri Rad; Yahya Adineh Far; Peyman Beiranvand; Soroush Dadgar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 7 (2017): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Current study is sought to study the effect of linear and nonlinear liquid viscous dampers on steel frames having dual systems of bending frame and divergent bracing. These frames were first designed according to regulations of Iran’s 2800 standard and tenth chapter of national regulations of construction (planning and performing steel construction) through equivalent static method then frames were modelled again in non-linear analysis software and time history non-linear analyses were done on them with installing viscous dampers on these frames using recorded near and far faults. In this study the effect of viscous dampers will be investigated on seismic behaviour of mentioned frames and results will be proposed in form of maximum graphs of relative displacements, stories lateral displacements, base shear maximum, waste energy graphs and dampers’ force-displacements. All non-linear analyses have been done in PERFORM-3D software.

The Effectiveness of Fly Ash as a Substitute of Cement For Marine Concrete Naibaho, Armin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of fly ash waste in marine concrete related to the average compressive strength to be used as a substitute for cement. The test is done for concrete base material, namely: coarse aggregate (gravel), fine aggregate (sand), fly ash, cement (PC = Portland Cement), water and additional material (superplasticizer). 10 cylinders were given each treatment with (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 25 %) percentage of fly ash addition. The samples then soaked for 26 days in seawater. At 28th day, the sample was subjected to a compression test. Based on the results of analysis and discussion, then obtained: (1) The use of 10% fly ash amount will produce the biggest compressive strength Â =Â 65.84 MPa; (2) When compared with the average compressive strength, the sample without using fly ash (0 %) has compressive power 62.02 MPa and 6.16 % increase in average compressive strength on the addition of 10 % fly ash 65.84 MPa, but in addition to 20 % fly ash there was a decrease of 9.13 % (56.36 MPa) and in addition of 25 % fly ash the average compressive strength decrease to 22.49 % (48.07 MPa).

Characteristics of the Construction Industry from the Marketing Viewpoint: Challenges and Solutions Mahmood Mokhtariani; Mohammad Hassan Sebt; Hamid Davoudpour
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Marketing management plays a crucial role in successful companies. However, marketing has been either misunderstood or entirely neglected in numerous construction companies because it is difficult to apply conventional marketing strategies due to specific characteristics of the industry. This study systematically investigates the characteristics of the construction industry and their effects on marketing management. A systematic literature review covering scientific papers from 1995 to 2015 (556 scientific papers) identifies 16 characteristics, which are organized into two main categories—the construction industry and construction product-related industry. 'Fragmentation' was the most highlighted characteristic.A total of 10 identified characteristics, according to the experts' opinions gathered through the questionnaire, may affect the construction marketing, of which "competitive bidding mechanism" and "project-based nature of the industry" have the greatest effect. Through a combination of literature review and focus group study, the challenges resulting from each of these 10 particularities regarding various dimensions of marketing are examined and practical solutions are suggested for overcoming these challenges. The main suggestion is the modification of the traditional marketing mix (4Ps) by eliminating “place” and adding four elements—profile, pooling, phase, and presenter. Therefore, a tailored marketing mix for construction companies is developed, with seven elements (7Ps). Moreover, marketing research and marketing intelligence systems are vital marketing tools for construction companies and should allocate adequate resources and responsible staffing levels for these activities.

Technical and Economic Evaluation of Pinavia Interchange in Comparison with Roundabout Intersection by AIMSUN Kamran Rahimov; Alireza Motamadnia; Sadegh Samadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2016): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Interchanges that are investigated in this research are roundabout interchange and pinavia interchange that are simulated in AIMSUN software using traffic data. The parameters that are considered for each interchange are traffic volume, pollutant emissions, fuel consumption, travel time, delay time ,construction cost, repair and maintenance cost, travel time cost , fuel consumption cost and safety , so that in technical evaluation traffic volume, pollutant emissions, fuel consumption, travel time, delay time are compared by using two independent sample t – test that are used for comparing of two group of data and It is assumed that the variances are equal . Then In economic evaluation construction cost, repair and maintenance cost, travel time cost , fuel consumption cost and safety are converted into cost by using axis produce way that based on this supposal that storage in exchange for an hour of travel time, increase an hour of production opportunities and construction cost, repair and maintenance cost calculated by executive plans and Related Regulations and finally each parameter is weighted by AHP and obtain the universal (total) cost. Finally due to the total cost of the resulting it can be seen that for twenty-year period pinavia interchange in compare with roundabout interchange has 49% more efficient.

A Photogrammetric Method for Spatial Data Extraction from Google Earth and Improvement with Precision Analysis Karimi, Sadegh; Khorrambakht, Ehsan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Topography maps are crucial for civil engineering projects, such as road construction, water channel construction, urban construction, and mining. Here we present a method which enables us to extract topographical map via modeling Google Earth and some field works. In this method, first, we model Google Earth as an object with closed-range photogrammetric method in the Agisoft Photoscan. Through some field works, we measured twenty-two points including twelve ground control points (GCP) and ten independent check points (ICP). Due to these GCPs, we were able to transform our model to real world with global polynomial and multi-quadratic equations and ICPs were used for precision analysis. This method is easy and cheap to obtain spatial data and the accuracy is sufficient for research requirements.

Effect of Main Factors on Fracture Mode of Mortar, A Graphical Study Sahar Mahdinia; Hamid Eskandari-Naddaf; Rasoul Shadnia
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

One of the most effective ways to identify the concrete properties is to understand further about the cement mortar, which is a mixture of cement paste and fine aggregate. In order to identify the behavior of cement mortar, all required materials including cement, fine aggregate, water as well as the different ratios of each material should beinvestigated. The main objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of main parameters of mortar on the fracture mode and related factors. Specifically 26 mixing designs of flexural mortar with three cement strength classes (32.5, 42.5 and 52.5 MPa), three water to cement (W/C) ratios (0.25, 0.3 and 0.35) and three sand to cement (S/C) ratios (2.5, 2.75 and 3) were first prepared. The prepared samples were then tested using a stress-strain apparatus. Some pictures were finally taken from the fracture surfaces to investigate the mode and angle of fractures. The results indicated that any change in the main parameters of mortar changes the fracture mode and the fracture angle.

Evaluation of Building Displacement Induced By EPB Tunneling Through GPS-GNSS Monitoring System and Back Analysis Technique (Tabriz Subway Twin Tunnels) Seyed Morteza Davarpanah; Mostafa Sharifzadeh; Javad Sattarvand; Samad Narimani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 6 (2016): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

One of the main aspects of tunneling in urban areas is controlling the amount of settlement that might cause some damage to the structures and infrastructures. In this paper, the novel displacement monitoring system called Global Positioning System - Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS-GNSS) has been applied to monitor the building displacement .One of the most important features of this approach is that this system provides three dimensional displacement behavior of the building. Besides, in order to fulfill the purpose of accuracy, the amount of settlement induced by Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) tunneling was calculated by numerical, empirical and analytical methods. In order to achieve this purpose, the back analysis technique was considered. The order in which the geotechnical parameters are optimized depends on the amount of sensitivity function. That is, the parameter of high sensitivity function is optimized first. According to the calculations, the sensitivity analysis results show that the maximum amount of sensitivity function with the volume loss of more than 1% in respect to the internal friction angle is about 0.5, which is greater than other geotechnical properties. According to the results of back analysis technique, the optimized geotechnical properties were elastic modulus (), internal friction angle () and cohesion () found on the volume loss of 1.5% with less than 0.02% error. The maximum settlement of the building at the studied area, explored by the optimized numerical method, is about 4 mm, which is in the range of monitored data (3mm-13mm) obtained through GPS-GNSS procedure.

Fuzzy AHP Method for Selection of a Suitable Seismic Retrofitting Alternative in Low-Rise Buildings Pashaei, Reza; S. Moghadam, Abdolreza
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Decision making for selecting an appropriate alternative among nominated alternatives is still a problem among retrofit designers. It is clear that selected alternative should comply the current codes in terms of structural criteria, but the other criteria may not be considered. The main goal of this study is to introduce a suitable method for making a decision in order to find the best alternative considering the effective criteria in retrofitting of low-rise buildings. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), as a technique of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), is compatible to solve the problem. Effective criteria have been categorized to structural, operational, economic and functional criteria and sixteen sub-criteria considered as a pattern that satisfies the entire involved group including structural and architectural engineers, contractor, client, and authorities in retrofitting of low-rise buildings. Since most of the involved criteria such as aesthetic, durability, and compatibility have fuzzy nature and cannot be compared numerically, fuzzy AHP can be a compatible method for comparison different retrofitting alternatives among both fuzzy and non-fuzzy criteria. A matrix of pair-wise comparison (MPC) is used for determining the weight of criteria and also for scoring the alternatives respect to each criterion. A Fuzzy Importance scale with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFN) is applied for comparing the criteria. The method is examined by a case study and the results show the used method can help designers for selecting the appropriate alternative.

Optimizing Compressive Strength of Micro- and Nano-silica Concrete by Statistical Method Mahsa Zarehparvar-Shoja; Hamid Eskandari-Naddaf
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 11 (2017): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In recent years, the use of nano-particles to improve the properties of concrete has created a new perspective on concrete technology. Studies in this field indicate improved concrete properties and higher strength by adding nano and micro silica particles to concrete mixes. In this regard, 12 mixing designs with different amounts of these admixtures with three types of cement strength classes (525,425,325) and 36 cubic samples (10 × 10 × 10) were designed and tested to measure compressive strength, of which we have only used 6 mixing plans in this research. The purpose of this research is to present a new method for concrete mix design by optimizing principles. Therefore, in this paper, the Taguchi statistical methods and the factorial design of the optimal mixing plan for this type of concrete are used to reduce the number of experiments to predict the optimal composition of the materials. The results obtained from the MINITAB software show that the effect of combined micro-silica and nano-silica on the compressive strength is in one direction and the effect of these two factors is more than cement strength grade of the cement and also the optimal value for micro-silica and nano-silica are estimated to have an optimum amount of micro-silica and nano-silica of 95 and 38 grams, respectively.

Comparison between Analytical Equation and Numerical Methods for Determining Shear Stress in a Cantilever Beam Imad Al-Qasem; A. Rasem Hasan; Mohanad Abdulwahid; Isaac Galobardes
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

A three meter-length cantilever beam loaded with a concentrated load at its free end is studied to determine shear stresses. In the present study, three cross sections are considered: rectangle (R); I, and T. The study presents a comparison of maximum shear stresses obtained by means of two methods: classical analytical equation derived by Collingnon, and finite element method (FEM) software. Software programs ANSYS and SAP2000 were used. The results show difference between the maximum shear stresses obtained by the analytical equation and the software, being the last is always higher. The average differences for ANSYS and SAP2000, independently of the cross section, were 12.76% and 11.96%, respectively. Considering these differences, correction factors were proposed to the classical analytical formula for each cross section case to obtain more realistic results. After the correction, the average differences decrease to 1.48% and 4.86%, regardless of the cross section shape.

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