Civil Engineering Journal
Vol. 12 No. 4 (2026): April

Adaptive Real-Time Strain-Rate Control in CRS Consolidation Testing Using SARSA Reinforcement Learning

Muhammad Fadhl 'Abbas (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116)
Hasbullah Nawir (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116)
Dimitri Mahayana (School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116)
Erza Rismantojo (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116)
Dayu Apoji (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116)
M. Alifsyah Putra Nasution (School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116)
Targhib Ibrahim (School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Apr 2026

Abstract

This study presents a reinforcement-learning framework for real-time strain-rate control in Constant Rate of Strain (CRS) consolidation testing to hasten the testing process using the SARSA algorithm. The controller adaptively adjusts deformation rate based on evolving pore-pressure ratio, with a reward strategy designed to maintain an average pore-pressure ratio near 30% to ensure partially drained conditions consistent with CRS theory. Two normally consolidated clays with contrasting compressibility were modeled numerically using a 1-D CRS consolidation model to evaluate learning and testing performance. The results show that the SARSA agent autonomously learns soil-specific strain-rate policies and maintains smooth effective stress trajectories and stable pore-pressure ratio responses. Test duration reductions of 60-75% were achieved depending on soil type. The interpreted compression index (Cc) remains consistent with the baseline CRS values, confirming that reinforcement-learning-based strain-rate control can accelerate testing without compromising data integrity. The study demonstrates the feasibility of reinforcement learning for CRS testing and highlights practical potential for soil-responsive, adaptive strain-rate control. Current limitations include simulation-based evaluation, discretized action selection, and the need for multiple runs to achieve optimal convergence.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

cej

Publisher

Subject

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Description

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, ...