INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE)
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE)

PREDICTION OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS USING THE ALTMAN AND ZMIJEWSKI MODELS

Regita Puji Cahyani (Udayana University)
Dewa Gede Wirama (Udayana University)



Article Info

Publish Date
10 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the prediction of financial distress in all non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021–2023 using the Altman Z-Score Model and the Zmijewski Model, as well as to compare the prediction accuracy levels of both models. Financial distress is a condition in which a firm experiences financial difficulties that may lead to bankruptcy. This study employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The research sample consists of 250 firms determined by stratified random sampling and analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and prediction accuracy testing through the Bootstrapping method. The results show that there is a significant difference between the Altman Model and the Zmijewski Model in predicting financial distress. Furthermore, the Zmijewski Model shows a higher prediction accuracy of 95.1% compared to the Altman Model at 89.6%. These findings are expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions, particularly for decision-making by firm management, investors, and creditors.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

INJOLE

Publisher

Subject

Description

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE) is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the Business field includes conceptual ideas in the fields of Economics, Accounting, Management, business. The scopes are Human Resource Management, Marketing Management, Financial Management, ...