<![CDATA[This study examines the transformation of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) practice in the domains of adab (ethics), law, and social governance from the Umayyad (661-750 CE) to the Abbasid (750-1258 CE) era. The research aims to analyze how Islamic legal thought evolved from a relatively informal tradition of scholarly opinion into a highly systematized body of jurisprudence with profound implications for state governance and social organization. Employing a qualitative historical-juridical approach with library research design and comparative legal analysis, this study draws on classical fiqh texts, historiographical sources, and contemporary Indonesian Islamic legal scholarship. Findings reveal three interconnected transformations: first, the institutionalization of qadi (judicial) courts and the professionalization of Islamic legal practice; second, the codification of adab as both ethical norm and jurisprudential category shaping governance; third, the emergence of the four major legal schools (madhahib) as pillars of social order and civilizational identity. This study concludes that the Umayyad-Abbasid transformation of fiqh represents a foundational chapter for understanding Islamic legal pluralism and its contemporary relevance for Indonesia.]]>
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