<![CDATA[The growth of internet-based commerce has expanded the practice of online shopping in Indonesia, but at the same time has increased the risk of fraud that harms consumers. This article aims to analyze the legal framework and criminal liability for perpetrators of fraud in online shopping transactions based on Indonesian positive law. This study is a normative legal research employing a legislative, conceptual, and analytical approach. Primary legal sources include Law No. 1 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions, Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, Law -Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Electronic Commerce. The findings indicate that online shop fraud cannot be analyzed merely as general fraud, as under certain conditions it also fulfills the specific elements under Article 28(1) in conjunction with Article 45A(1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Therefore, law enforcement against online shop fraud must be integrated across the general criminal regime, the electronic transactions regime, and the consumer protection regime to ensure legal certainty, victim protection, and the effectiveness of enforcement.]]>
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