<![CDATA[Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer necessitates urinary diversion, with orthotopic neobladder (ONB) and ileal conduit (IC) being the main options. This review aims to identify and synthesize the statistically significant positive functional outcomes and quality of life (QoL) advantages of ONB compared to IC. Methods: A systematic review of 80 studies (RCT, etc) was conducted. Significant positive outcomes favoring ONB were extracted for global QoL, physical function, body image, sexual function, and specific QoL domains. Results: Meta-analyses demonstrated ONB significantly outperforms IC in global health status (WMD +9.13, p=0.004), physical functioning (WMD +11.57, p=0.0001), role functioning (WMD +9.64, p=0.002), and social functioning (WMD +6.81, p=0.03) (1,2). ONB showed superior body image (p=0.001) (12) and sexual function in males (p<0.001) (13,14). At 24 months, ONB achieved higher general HRQoL (73.6 vs. 60.5, p=0.013) and a greater proportion of "good" HRQoL (61.1% vs. 32.4%, p=0.019) (8). In women, ONB provided better emotional (p=0.02), physical (p=0.05), and role functioning (p=0.03) at 6 months (29). ONB also preserved better renal function compared to IC in some metabolic studies (39). Discussion: The positive significant effects of ONB are domain-specific and time-dependent. The advantage in global and physical functioning is most pronounced at 12-24 months post-surgery, corresponding to the stabilization of continence and anatomical preservation. Superior body image and male sexual function represent key psychosocial benefits not achievable with IC. However, these positive findings must be contextualized within significant selection bias favoring younger, healthier patients for ONB. Conclusion: ONB provides statistically significant and clinically meaningful advantages in global QoL, physical and social functioning, body image, and male sexual function. These positive outcomes support ONB as the preferred diversion for appropriately selected patients, particularly younger, motivated males without significant comorbidity.]]>
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