Therapeutic Architecture Based on Environmental Analysis in Healthcare Facility Design in Surabaya

Agnesia, Kansa
Mufidah
Istijanto, Suko

Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 5 No. 2 2026

Rapid urbanization in Surabaya has intensified environmental pressures, reduced green open spaces, andincreased stress levels among urban populations, highlighting the urgent need for healthcareenvironments that support both physical recovery and psychological well-being. In this context,therapeutic architecture offers a promising approach by integrating natural elements into spatial designto enhance healing experiences.This study aims to investigate the role of site analysis as a fundamental basis for designing holistichealthcare facilities based on therapeutic architecture, focusing on a site located at Jalan Kalisari Permai I,Mulyorejo District, Surabaya. The site is characterized by a relatively quiet residential environment,adequate accessibility, and the presence of existing vegetation with favorable microclimatic conditions.A qualitative descriptive method with a design-based research approach was employed, combining fieldobservations, literature review, and environmental analysis. Key site parameters include solarorientation, wind patterns, noise levels, accessibility, vegetation, visual quality, and microclimate.The findings reveal that site characteristics play a critical role in shaping therapeutic design strategies.Variations in noise levels (74 dB at the front, 58 dB in the middle, and 49 dB at the rear) inform a layeredzoning system from public to private spaces. Solar exposure analysis highlights the need for heat controlon the western side and daylight optimization on the eastern and northern sides. Dominant east–westwind patterns support cross-ventilation strategies, while existing vegetation enhances thermal comfortand contributes to a restorative healing environment.The implementation of therapeutic architecture is realized through hierarchical spatial zoning, passiveenvironmental design strategies, and the integration of a healing garden as a central design element.This study contributes to bridging the gap between site analysis and architectural design bydemonstrating how environmental parameters can be systematically translated into spatial strategies forholistic healthcare facilities. The findings provide a context-responsive design framework applicable tourban healthcare environments in tropical regions.