Implementing STEM in Improving Critical Mathematical Thinking Skills and Self-Efficacy

Desti Sapitri (Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Lukman El Hakim (Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Tian Abdul Aziz (Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia)

Comprehensive: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Keguruan
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)

Advances in science and technology are opening doors to a variety of jobs in new fields. Skills in software, programming, data analysis, and digital literacy are essential, reflecting the changes and evolution in the demands of the workplace and everyday life along with technological advancements. The independent curriculum reflects the adjustments in the education system to meet the demands of the times and the needs of society. The independent curriculum emphasizes active learning and the development of 21st-century skills. According to Zubaidah (2018), critical thinking skills are fundamental skills in 21st-century learning.