<![CDATA[Rice-field rats (Rattus argentiventer) continue to cause substantial rice yield losses in Indonesia, reaching up to 30% per season. This study presents a solar-powered IoT-based ultrasonic deterrent system designed for autonomous operation in off-grid rural environments. The system integrates PIR motion detection, PWM-controlled ultrasonic emission (16–20 kHz; 85–95 dB), and a solar-battery energy subsystem to ensure continuous nocturnal functionality. Field validation involving 21 rats demonstrated measurable short-term behavioral disruption, with 42.9% avoidance and 33.3% panic responses. Electrical testing confirmed stable night-time performance, with an average power output of 26.8 W during peak rodent activity. Statistical analysis showed χ²(2, N = 21) = 2.38, p = 0.30. While statistical significance was not achieved, the observed effect size (Cramer’s V = 0.24) indicates a moderate behavioral association, supporting practical deterrent potential under field conditions. Unlike prior studies that evaluate sensing or energy components separately, this research integrates renewable energy autonomy, real-field behavioral validation, and IoT-based automation within a single operational framework. The findings establish a foundation for adaptive, machine-learning-driven pest control systems to enhance sustainable rice-field management]]>
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