<![CDATA[This study examines the actual operational performance of a 2.4 kWp on-grid photovoltaic (PV) system installed at the Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Manado. The system was developed within a Teaching Factory-based Solar Laboratory framework, integrated with a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) monitoring platform. Field measurements were conducted over three months — January through March 2026 — using a Haiwell PLC, an HMI unit, and a three-phase power meter. Four performance indicators were calculated: Final Yield (Yf), Reference Yield (Yr), Performance Ratio (PR), and system efficiency. Average monthly irradiance reached 496.5 W/m², producing a Reference Yield of 4.97 kWh/m²/day. The system delivered a Final Yield of 3.64 kWh/kWp/day, a Performance Ratio of 73.2%, and a system efficiency of 16.3%. Deviation from the initial Detail Engineering Design projections remained below 4% across all parameters, confirming technical alignment between design and actual implementation, and validating the system for vocational education use.]]>
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