The article describes the organization and powers of police and penitentiary services in colonial Turkestan in the late 19th-early 20th century. On the basis of statistics-rich archival documents, the activities of the police, prison and other power structures have been analysed.
International Journal on Integrated Education (IJIE) 2620-3502 is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal, publishing high-quality manuscripts in multidisciplinary research areas. IJIE accepts papers in the forms of original research articles, review articles, book reviews, case reports, and ...