<![CDATA[Low character development among elementary students indicates that IPAS learning has not yet integrated character values and local wisdom contextually. Instruction remains cognitively oriented, limiting the development of religious, social, and environmental awareness. This study aimed to develop a Tri Hita Karana based mobile learning application for fifth grade Natural and Social Sciences learning and to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in enhancing students’ character. The study employed a research and development approach using the ADDIE model, which consisted of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects included content experts, media experts, fifth-grade teachers, and elementary school students. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and tests, and were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that the developed Tri Hita Karana based mobile learning application was feasible and practical for use in Natural and Social Sciences learning. The application was able to present learning materials interactively and integrate the values of parahyangan, pawongan, and palemahan into each learning activity. The Tri Hita Karana–based mobile learning application was also found to be effective as an instructional medium oriented toward strengthening character education in elementary schools. This study demonstrated that incorporating Tri Hita Karana values into digital media could serve as a reference for developing local-wisdom-based instructional media and as a strategic alternative for teachers in enhancing interactive and character-oriented Natural and Social Sciences learning.]]>
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