An Idea Nursing Journal
Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026)

Qualitative Item Development for a Nurses’ Caring Behavior Scale in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Cancer

Yulta Kadang (Universitas Medika Suherman)
Sri Marnianti Irnawan (Universitas Sulawesi Barat)
Irna Megawati (Universitas Sulawesi Barat)
Kusrini S Kadar (Universitas Hasanuddin)
Ariyanti Saleh (Universitas Hasanuddin)



Article Info

Publish Date
10 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy experience complex physical and psychological problems that require comprehensive nursing care. Nurses’ caring behaviors are important in improving the quality of care provided to patients. However, existing instruments for measuring caring behaviors remain limited, particularly those grounded in Swanson’s Theory of Caring. Therefore, this study aimed to develop conceptual domains and generate items to measure nurses’ caring behaviors toward patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Objective: To develop a new conceptual framework in the form of domains and produce statement items through a qualitative approach. Methods: This study used a phenomenological approach as the first phase of an instrument development study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 participants receiving chemotherapy, selected through purposive sampling. The interviews were recorded and transcribed digitally, and the data were analyzed using content analysis in NVivo 10 to identify codes, categories, and themes to develop conceptual domains and item statements. Results: A total of 33 statement items were developed from five main domains. The first domain was respect for culture (5 items); the second, information provision (6 items); the third, responsiveness (7 items); the fourth, competence (9 items); and the fifth, overall motivation (6 items). Conclusion: This study generated five domains, comprising 33 positive and negative statement items, that will be used in the questionnaire to measure cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy's perceptions of nurses' behavior.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

INJ

Publisher

Subject

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

Description

journal that publishes material on health development and other research of health. This INJ provides the ideal platform for the discussion of more sophisticated other research and Health practice for authors and readers world wide. The priorities are originality and ...