<![CDATA[Understanding chemical bonding remains challenging for secondary school students’ due to its abstract nature, often leading to suboptimal learning outcomes. This study investigates the effect of instructional models on students’ learning outcomes by comparing Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) supported by animated video media. A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest approach was employed. The sample consisted of Grade X students’ at SMA Negeri 11 Medan, selected through purposive sampling and divided into two experimental groups. Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, and Independent Sample t-test. The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the groups Sig. (2-tailed) < α (0.007 < 0.05), with higher mean scores observed in the PjBL group. The effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.01) suggests a large and practically meaningful impact. These findings demonstrate that PjBL, when integrated with animated video media, is more effective than IBL in improving students’ understanding of chemical bonding. The study highlights the importance of aligning instructional models with appropriate learning media to enhance conceptual learning outcomes. ]]>
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