<![CDATA[This systematic literature review synthesizes extant research on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and organizational performance. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICOC framework, a systematic search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight databases. Applying structured inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality appraisal using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, 43 peer-reviewed studies published between 2021 and 2026 were included in the final synthesis. Thematic synthesis identified five overarching themes: (1) KPI Framework Design and Methodological Foundations; (2) KPI Culture, Communication, and Organisational Adoption; (3) Technology-Enabled KPI Monitoring and Analytics; (4) Cross-Sectoral KPI Applications and Contextual Adaptation; and (5) HRM-KPI Integration and People Performance Management. Findings reveal that while technology-enabled KPI systems have advanced rapidly, organisational culture, employee awareness, and leadership communication remain persistent barriers to effective implementation. The review proposes the Integrated KPI-Performance Framework (IKPF) bridging measurement design, organisational culture, and digital enablement. Organisations should invest simultaneously in robust KPI systems and a culture of performance transparency and accountability.]]>
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