Membangun Ketangguhan di Tengah Krisis Perubahan Iklim: Pelajaran dari Nature-Based Solutions Ekosistem Mangrove di Malaysia

Lidia Rubianto (Magister Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Sekolah Arsitektur, Perencanaan, dan Pengembangan Kebijakan, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa No.10, Lb. Siliwangi, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia)

Journal of Geographical Sciences and Education
Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Journal of Geographical Sciences and Education

Climate change has significantly increased the intensity and frequency of disasters, thereby exacerbating community vulnerability, particularly in coastal areas. In this context, the Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) approach through mangrove ecosystem restoration is considered to have substantial potential in supporting disaster mitigation and climate change adaptation. However, the implementation of NbS in many countries, including Malaysia, continues to face challenges related to governance, financing, technical capacity, and policy integration between infrastructure development and environmental conservation. This study aims to enhance understanding of the implementation of NbS for disaster mitigation and climate change adaptation, with a particular emphasis on mangrove ecosystem restoration as a priority strategy. The study was conducted in Malaysia, a developing country actively implementing NbS initiatives for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. This research employed a literature review and policy review approach to analyze previous studies, evaluate NbS implementation, and identify its effectiveness and associated challenges. The findings reveal that mangrove ecosystem restoration represents an effective NbS strategy for reducing coastal disaster risks while simultaneously strengthening ecosystem and community resilience in a sustainable manner. The study also identifies a policy gap between hard infrastructure development approaches and environmental conservation, resulting in climate adaptation measures that remain insufficiently integrated. In addition, the effectiveness of NbS implementation is influenced by adaptive strategy planning based on scientific evidence, mangrove ecosystem protection that considers ecological aspects, and multi-stakeholder collaboration involving governments, academics, the private sector, civil society, and the media. This study is expected to provide valuable lessons learned and best practices that can be replicated in the development of disaster-resilient cities and in supporting sustainable climate change adaptation efforts.