<![CDATA[ This study is motivated by key issues, including the suboptimal performance of Ship-to-Ship (STS) operations, as indicated by declining equipment readiness, inconsistent implementation of standard operating procedures (SOPs), and the persistence of accident risks due to technical failures and human error. In addition, gaps in worker competency and the limited availability of backup equipment pose challenges that may disrupt operational efficiency. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of equipment condition and worker competence on accident risk prevention and their implications for STS performance. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. The population consists of 265 respondents, including operational port workers and ship crews, using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and field observations. The data analysis technique employed Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) using SmartPLS software to examine both direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results indicate that equipment condition and worker competence have a positive and significant effect on accident risk prevention and STS performance. Accident risk prevention also serves as a significant mediating variable between independent variables and operational performance. Worker competence is identified as the most dominant factor in improving STS performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that companies enhance equipment maintenance and availability, strengthen training and certification programs for workers, and implement an integrated risk-based safety management system to improve safety and operational performance of STS activities sustainably]]>
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