<![CDATA[The Independent Curriculum emphasizes student-centered, flexible, and differentiated learning. This study aims to analyze the application of four main learning theories, namely behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism, in the practice of the Independent Curriculum at the elementary school level.The method used is descriptive qualitative.results of the study indicate that the four approaches are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary: behaviorism is relevant for habit formation and basic competency achievement through reinforcement; cognitivism supports the development of thinking strategies and metacognition in the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project; constructivism is the core of project-based and inquiry-based learning; and humanism strengthens aspects of differentiation, well-being, and formative assessment that humanize students. Conclusion: teachers need to design eclectic learning that combines the four approaches according to learning achievement objectives and student characteristics.]]>
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