<![CDATA[Gestalt theory is a perceptual psychology approach that explains how humans tend to perceive visual stimuli as unified wholes rather than as separate elements. This perspective is particularly relevant in graphic design, where the organization of visual elements influences how messages are interpreted by the audience. The application of Gestalt principles such as proximity, closure, and figure–ground helps designers create clear and coherent visual communication, while improper application may lead to visual ambiguity and misinterpretation. Using a descriptive-analytical method supported by literature review and a case study of the Kudawara Pharmacy logo, this paper shows that weak implementation of Gestalt principles can cause perceptual errors that affect message clarity and brand image. Therefore, effective graphic design is not only a matter of visual aesthetics, but also of understanding how human perception works in interpreting visual elements.]]>
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