<![CDATA[Rationality is a key aspect in the development of modern Islamic thought, particularly in responding to social dynamics and the advancement of contemporary science. However, studies on modern Islamic rationality are still predominantly dominated by normative-legalistic approaches and tend to overlook the philosophical dimension as their epistemological foundation. This gap has limited the exploration of how the relationship between reason, revelation, and historical context can be constructed in an integrative manner within the framework of modern Islamic thought. Based on this gap, this study aims to critically analyze the contribution of philosophy in shaping modern Islamic rationality through the thought of Fazlur Rahman, particularly in constructing an epistemological synthesis between reason, revelation, and history. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, along with descriptive-critical analysis of Fazlur Rahman’s works and relevant literature. The findings indicate that philosophy functions not only as a tool of reflection but also as an epistemological framework that enables the reconstruction of Islamic rationality in a more contextual and ethical manner. Through a historical-philosophical approach and the concept of ethical rationality, Fazlur Rahman constructs a dialectical relationship between reason and revelation that is complementary rather than antagonistic. The novelty of this research lies in emphasizing philosophy as an epistemological foundation in developing an integrative modern Islamic rationality, thereby moving beyond textualistic approaches toward an understanding oriented to universal moral values and the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah)]]>
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