Development of a Unified Experiment-Based Exploration Sheet in General Physics 1 – Kinematics for Grade 12 Students of Surigao City National High School, Philippines

Dyvie Calunsag Flores (Surigao City National High School, Surigao del Norte State University, Philippines)
Mauricio S. Adlaon (Surigao del Norte State University, Philippines)

Acta Pedagogia Asiana
Volume 5 - Issue 2 - 2026

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Unified Experiment-Based Exploration Sheet for Grade 12 General Physics 1, focusing on the topic of kinematics. Studies have consistently shown that students experience misconceptions regarding motion, velocity, and acceleration, often interpreting velocity as synonymous with acceleration and struggling to distinguish scalar and vector quantities. The study was conducted in response to the persistent low performance of Filipino students in science, as evidenced by the Philippines’ below-average performance in the PISA 2022 assessment, and the continuing difficulty of students in understanding abstract physics concepts and problem-solving ability due to limited laboratory resources and traditional teaching approaches. Unlike existing inquiry-based activity sheets, the developed Unified Experiment-Based Exploration Sheet integrates standardized experimental procedures, locally available materials, and MELC-aligned inquiry activities into a single instructional resource designed specifically for Grade 12 Kinematics. Using a research and development design based on the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), the Exploration Sheet was developed and validated by four experts providing qualitative evaluation and feedback. Fifty (50) Grade 12 STEM students from Surigao City National High School using stratified random sampling participated in the implementation phase. A 40-item multiple-choice test on kinematics was administered as a pre-test and post-test to measure learning gains. Descriptive statistics and a paired-samples t-test were used for data analysis. Results revealed that students’ mean pre-test score was 28.6 (SD = 5.37), which increased to a mean post-test score of 37.3 (SD = 4.64), yielding a mean gain score of 8.68 (SD = 6.61). The paired-samples t-test indicated a highly significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores (p < .001), confirming the effectiveness of the developed material. These findings suggest that the Unified Experiment-Based Exploration Sheet is an effective instructional material that can significantly improve students’ understanding of kinematics through structured, inquiry-based, and context-appropriate learning activities.