Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Vol 41, No 1 (2026): January

Towards a Circular Bioeconomy in Cacao Bean Shells: Recent Valorization Pathways and Potential Applications in Food Powder Formulations–A Review

Sanchez, Philip Donald C (Unknown)
Hashim, Norhashila (Unknown)
Basri, Mohd Salahuddin Mohd (Unknown)
Saari, Nazamid Bin (Unknown)
Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Feb 2026

Abstract

Cacao bean shells (CBS), a by-product of chocolate production known for their rich content of bioactive, nutritional, and functional compounds, have gained increasing attention in recent years as part of circular bioeconomy strategies. In the framework of valorization, CBS has been widely explored for diverse applications, including as a fuel, feed, fiber, and nutraceuticals. However, despite its industrial potential, no comprehensive review has yet addressed its valorization pathways, particularly its viability as an ingredient in food powder formulations. Therefore, this review examines the potential of CBS as a food powder resource and evaluates its feasibility as functional ingredient in food systems, focusing on formulation techniques, processing technologies, and the assessment of techno-functional properties. This comprehensive review further examines the potential utilization of CBS powder in food formulations and its corresponding feasibility as an admixture for premix powder formulations. The findings indicate that the valorization of CBS powder in food formulations remains largely unexplored, with only a limited number of studies investigating its application in baked systems. Overall, this review highlights significant opportunities for further exploration of CBS valorization, particularly its potential as an admixture in instant premix powder formulations, as current applications primarily rely on direct incorporation. This review serves as foundational knowledge for food processors and researchers committed to circular economy principles, with a strong interest in the development of innovative food products derived from CBS powder.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

carakatani

Publisher

Subject

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Description

Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association ...