<![CDATA[Problem-solving skills are essential competencies in vocational education, particularly in technical fields that require students to connect theoretical knowledge with practical workplace applications. This study developed and evaluated LMS-based Problem-Based e-Worksheets (PBeWs) designed to enhance the problem-solving skills of eleventh-grade Mechatronics Engineering students in vocational pneumatics learning on logic gates. The developed PBeWs integrated problem-based learning scenarios, contextual pneumatic system tasks, multimedia materials, collaborative activities, and automatic feedback within a Moodle-based Learning Management System. Expert validation was conducted by subject matter and media experts to assess content accuracy, instructional design quality, media quality, and LMS integration before classroom implementation. The effectiveness of the PBeWs was examined using a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design involving 80 students from two vocational high schools, divided into experimental and control groups. Students in the experimental group learned using LMS-based PBeWs, whereas students in the control group used conventional worksheets. The results showed that students using LMS-based PBeWs achieved greater improvement in problem-solving skills than those using conventional worksheets. These findings indicate that LMS-based PBeWs represent a feasible and promising instructional tool for supporting analytical, contextual, and vocationally relevant problem-solving skill development in technical education.]]>
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