<![CDATA[This study aimed to determine the effect of swimming instruction on improving the self-confidence of students with visual impairments at SLB Balowerti, Kediri City. This research employed a quantitative approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of five students with visual impairments. Data were collected using a self-confidence questionnaire administered before and after the swimming instruction. The data were analyzed using the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for normality and the Paired Sample T-Test with the assistance of SPSS. The results showed that before participating in the swimming instruction, all respondents were in the low self-confidence category. After the intervention, four respondents demonstrated an improvement in category: two respondents moved to the moderate category and two respondents reached the high category, while one respondent remained in the low category. The normality test indicated that the pretest and posttest data were normally distributed, with a significance value of 0.200. Furthermore, the Paired Sample T-Test obtained a significance value of 0.039 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference in self-confidence before and after the swimming instruction. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that swimming instruction has a significant effect on improving the self-confidence of students with visual impairments at SLB Balowerti, Kediri City. Swimming provides a challenging, structured, and meaningful learning experience because students are encouraged to adapt to the aquatic environment, follow instructions, overcome fear, and develop confidence in their own abilities. Therefore, swimming instruction can be used as an alternative adaptive physical education activity in special needs schools.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
