<![CDATA[This study aimed to assess the sustainability level of rice farming in Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency, in facing the challenges of climate change. The research was conducted from December 2025 to January 2026 using a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 78 rice farmers selected through multistage random sampling across five villages. Sustainability assessment was carried out using a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method with the RAP-Fish approach, covering three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental, represented by 21 attributes. The robustness of the model was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation, while stress values and coefficients of determination (R²) were used to assess the goodness of fit. The results showed that the overall sustainability index of rice farming in Buduran District was 48.31, indicating a less sustainable category. Partially, the economic (47.70), social (47.42), and environmental (46.78) dimensions also fell into the same category. The environmental dimension showed the lowest sustainability level, reflecting high vulnerability to climate variability and environmental pressure. The stress value (0.13) and R² (0.95) indicated that the MDS model had good reliability and low distortion. These findings suggest that rice farming sustainability in Buduran District has not yet achieved a balanced integration of economic, social, and environmental aspects. Therefore, region-specific climate adaptation strategies are required to enhance the long-term sustainability of rice farming systems.]]>
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