Code-Switching, Hybridity, and Identity: English in Multilingual Communities and the Negotiation of Belonging

Dr. Chander Mohan (Associate Professor, Head of the Department of English at GDC Majalta)

Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): September

This paper investigates the phenomenon of code-switching between English and other languages in multilingual communities, examining how speakers deploy English not merely as a communicative tool but as a resource for constructing, performing, and contesting social identities. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, corpus-linguistic analysis, and theoretical frameworks from interactional sociolinguistics, the study explores how English interweaves with Arabic, Hinglish, Spanglish, and Singlish to produce hybrid linguistic forms that resist monolingual norms. The paper argues that code-switching involving English is a sophisticated pragmatic practice that encodes stances of modernity, cosmopolitanism, professional identity, and in-group solidarity while simultaneously functioning as a site of tension between global aspiration and local belonging. It challenges deficit framings of mixed-language speech and advocates for a translanguaging perspective that reframes multilingual English use as a creative linguistic resource rather than evidence of incomplete acquisition.