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All Journal Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Dr. Chander Mohan
Associate Professor, Head of the Department of English at GDC Majalta
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Literary Language and Cognitive Experience: How the Reading of English Literary Fiction Shapes Empathy, Theory of Mind, and Social Cognition Dr. Chander Mohan
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21212571

Abstract

This paper explores the intersection of literary language, cognition, and social understanding, examining the empirical evidence for the hypothesis that sustained engagement with English literary fiction cultivates empathy, enhances Theory of Mind (ToM) capacities, and reshapes social cognition more broadly. Synthesising findings from cognitive poetics, developmental psychology, and experimental aesthetics, the paper argues that the particular textual features of literary fiction including deep point-of-view narration, affective free indirect discourse, moral ambiguity, and defamiliarisation create distinctive cognitive demands that exercise and refine the mental capacities underlying interpersonal understanding. The paper also addresses methodological objections to this claim, considers the role of genre and text difficulty, and discusses implications for reading pedagogy and the place of literary education in cognitive and social development.
The Evolution of English as a Global Lingua Franca: Historical Trajectories, Socio-political Forces, and Contemporary Implications Dr. Chander Mohan
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21724550

Abstract

This paper examines the multifaceted rise of English as a global lingua franca, tracing its development from a regional Germanic dialect to the dominant medium of international communication. Drawing on historical linguistics, postcolonial theory, and contemporary sociolinguistics, the study maps three major phases of English expansion: the early modern period of colonial projection, the twentieth-century American cultural and economic diffusion, and the digital-era consolidation of English as the de facto language of global knowledge production. The paper argues that English dominance is not the inevitable outcome of intrinsic linguistic properties but rather the accumulated product of geopolitical power asymmetries, institutional entrenchment, and network effects. It further considers the tensions between global intelligibility and local linguistic identity, and outlines possible trajectories for the language in an era of artificial intelligence and multipolar global order.
Code-Switching, Hybridity, and Identity: English in Multilingual Communities and the Negotiation of Belonging Dr. Chander Mohan
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): September
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21787159

Abstract

This paper investigates the phenomenon of code-switching between English and other languages in multilingual communities, examining how speakers deploy English not merely as a communicative tool but as a resource for constructing, performing, and contesting social identities. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, corpus-linguistic analysis, and theoretical frameworks from interactional sociolinguistics, the study explores how English interweaves with Arabic, Hinglish, Spanglish, and Singlish to produce hybrid linguistic forms that resist monolingual norms. The paper argues that code-switching involving English is a sophisticated pragmatic practice that encodes stances of modernity, cosmopolitanism, professional identity, and in-group solidarity while simultaneously functioning as a site of tension between global aspiration and local belonging. It challenges deficit framings of mixed-language speech and advocates for a translanguaging perspective that reframes multilingual English use as a creative linguistic resource rather than evidence of incomplete acquisition.
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