<![CDATA[Citrus trifoliata rootstock production is critical for the successful establishment of citrus orchards because sapling vigor strongly influences orchard performance. An experiment was conducted under 50% shade to evaluate two factors: foliar application of nanoiron at three concentrations (0, 10, and 20 mg/L) and an organic amendment, spent mushroom extract (SME), applied via irrigation water at three concentrations (0, 50, and 100 ml/L), on the growth and nutrient status of C. trifoliata saplings. The combined treatment of nanoiron at 20 mg/L plus SME at 100 ml/L increased plant height by 130%, stem diameter by 180%, and branch number per plant by 350% over the control, along with concurrent increases in leaf area, chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate accumulation. Foliar application of nanoiron integrated with SME provides a long-lasting, sustainable nutrient source that markedly improves sapling health and growth. This integrated approach can be considered an effective and practical strategy for enhancing nursery management and supporting sustainable citrus production.]]>
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