PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELANGGARAN PERIZINAN KAPAL PENANGKAP IKAN DI ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF

Adith Sebastian Putra Bernard (Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bosowa)
Yulia A Hasan (Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bosowa)
Basri Oner (Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bosowa)

Clavia: Journal of Law
Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): Clavia : Journal of Law, April 2026

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme perizinan kapal penangkap ikan dalam melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) serta menganalisis upaya penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran perizinan yang terjadi di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang didukung data empiris melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme perizinan dilakukan secara bertahap melalui sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) dengan penerbitan Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB), Surat Izin Usaha Perikanan (SIUP), pemenuhan persyaratan teknis kapal seperti pengukuran tonase, Buku Kapal Perikanan (BKP), Sertifikat Kelayakan Kapal Perikanan (SKKP), pemasangan Vessel Monitoring System (VMS), hingga penerbitan Surat Izin Penangkapan Ikan (SIPI) sebagai izin operasional berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 tentang Perikanan serta ketentuan UNCLOS 1982. Dalam praktiknya masih ditemukan pelanggaran administratif berupa ketidaksesuaian dokumen, penyalahgunaan izin, tidak dipasangnya VMS, serta pengoperasian kapal tanpa SIPI yang sah. Terhadap pelanggaran tersebut dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif berupa peringatan, pembekuan, dan pencabutan izin, serta sanksi pidana sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan guna menjamin kepastian hukum, perlindungan kedaulatan negara, dan keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan di wilayah ZEE. This study aims to analyze the licensing mechanism for fishing vessels in conducting fishing activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and to analyze law enforcement efforts against licensing violations that occur in Makassar City. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach supported by empirical data through interviews and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that the licensing mechanism is carried out in stages through the Online Single Submission (OSS) system with the issuance of a Business Identification Number (NIB), a Fishery Business License (SIUP), fulfillment of vessel technical requirements such as tonnage measurement, a Fishing Vessel Book (BKP), a Fishing Vessel Eligibility Certificate (SKKP), installation of a Vessel Monitoring System (VMS), to the issuance of a Fishing Permit (SIPI) as an operational permit based on the provisions of Law Number 31 of 2004 in conjunction with ... Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries and the provisions of UNCLOS 1982. In practice, administrative violations are still found in the form of document discrepancies, misuse of permits, failure to install VMS, and the operation of vessels without a valid SIPI. For these violations, administrative sanctions can be imposed in the form of warnings, freezing and revocation of permits, as well as criminal sanctions in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations to ensure legal certainty, protection of state sovereignty, and the sustainability of fishery resources in the EEZ.