<![CDATA[This study examines effects of political information sources (digital media, electronic mass media, political actors’ postings, and interpersonal networks) on political knowledge, awareness, and participation among West Java university students during the 2024 Indonesian election, using PLS-SEM with 597 respondents. Findings reveal that political actors’ postings affect political knowledge, while digital media uniquely predicted both knowledge and awareness. Political knowledge subsequently strengthened awareness and both online and offline participation, with online participation significantly driving offline engagement. Traditional media and interpersonal networks showed no significant effects. Results highlight the importance of contextualizing digital media’s political influence within Indonesia’s contested democratic environment]]>
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