<![CDATA[Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are abundant lignocellulosic residues whose conversion is limited by the protective association of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This study evaluated microbiochar-assisted biological pretreatment using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and optimised the combined effects of microbiochar concentration and incubation time. A central composite response surface design was applied with microbiochar at 10-50% (w/w) and incubation for 7-35 d, with axial levels of 1.72-58.28% (w/w) and 1.2-40.8 d. Total reducing sugar (TRS), total soluble phenols (TSP), weight loss, and residual hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were analysed. The highest TRS was 12.18 mg/gat 30% microbiochar and 40.8 d, while the lowest residual lignin was 11.20% under the same condition. The multi-response desirability solution indicated 36.75% microbiochar and 35 d, predicting 10.76 mg/gTRS, 32.67% weight loss, and 12.39% residual lignin. The results demonstrate that moderate microbiochar loading can support fungal pretreatment and improve OPEFB deconstruction.]]>
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