Bisma The Journal of Counseling
Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): April

The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques in Addressing Low Self-Confidence Among Bullying Victims

Endah Rahmawati (Guidance and Counseling, IKIP PGRI Wates, Kulon Progo,Indonesia)
Lyana Nurmaningsih (Guidance and Counseling, IKIP PGRI Wates, Kulon Progo,Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that harms others and can have detrimental consequences for its victims. One of the adverse effects of bullying is low self-confidence among students who experience it. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group counseling using cognitive restructuring techniques in improving the self-confidence of students who are victims of bullying. A quantitative approach was employed using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. The population consisted of 44 students from two different classes. From this population, 24 students identified as having low self-confidence were selected as the research sample. Pretests and posttests were administered to determine differences between the experimental and control groups. Data were collected using a Likert-scale self-confidence instrument, in which higher scores indicated lower levels of self-confidence. Data were analyzed using an Independent Samples t-test in JASP software. The results revealed a difference in posttest scores between the experimental and control groups. The experimental group obtained a posttest mean score of 32.75, whereas the control group obtained a mean score of 42.08. The lower posttest score in the experimental group indicates that students who received group counseling with cognitive restructuring techniques demonstrated greater improvements in self-confidence than those in the control group. These findings suggest that group counseling with cognitive restructuring techniques is effective in addressing low self-confidence among students who are victims of bullying.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

bisma

Publisher

Subject

Education Social Sciences

Description

Bisma The Journal of Counseling ISSN: Print 2598-3199 –Online 2598-3210 is a peer-reviewed, published by Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha in collaboration with Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI). The list of the journal was associated with Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) is list here. ...