<![CDATA[This study examines the influence of technology-based human resource management and organizational factors on digital competence and service performance of village apparatus, as well as the mediating role of digital competence. The research employs a quantitative explanatory approach with data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to village officials in Brebes Regency involved in public service delivery. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS software. The results indicate that technology-based human resource management has a significant positive effect on both digital competence and service performance. However, organizational facilities do not have a significant effect on either digital competence or service performance. Furthermore, digital competence does not significantly influence service performance and does not function as a mediating variable. These findings reveal the existence of a skill–implementation gap, where digital capabilities are not effectively translated into improved service outcomes. The study contributes to the development of a human-centered digital transformation model, emphasizing that human resource management plays a more critical role than technological availability in improving public service performance. The findings provide practical implications for local governments in designing effective digital transformation strategies that prioritize human resource development and organizational integration.]]>
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