<![CDATA[Nitrogen use efficiency in conventional urea fertilizers remains low due to nutrient loss through leaching and volatilization. This study aims to develop and characterize a slow-release fertilizer (SRF) based on a bamboo biochar matrix coated with acrylic acid polymer. The fertilizers were formulated into granules using coating and matrix methods with urea proportions of 25%, 30%, and 35%. Characterization included physical properties, surface morphology, and elemental composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that the produced granules were dominated by sizes of 2–5 mm, ranging from 80.17% to 92.50%, complying with the Ministry of Agriculture Regulation (Permentan) No. 01 of 2019. SEM analysis confirmed that acrylic acid successfully encapsulated the pores of the bamboo biochar and urea, forming a physical barrier structure that extends the nutrient diffusion path. EDS spectra verified the successful impregnation of urea into the matrix, with Nitrogen (N) retention of 41.15% for the coating method and 27.97% for the matrix method. The presence of bamboo biochar micropores and the polymer layer aligns with slow-release principles, enhancing agronomic efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts.]]>
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