Design of a Problem-Based Learning-Based Physics Laboratory on Energy: Analysis of High School Students’ Self-Efficacy and Science Process Skills with AI Integration

Isnaini Dyas Tari (State Islamic University of Palangka Raya)
Nadia Azizah (State Islamic University of Palangka Raya)
Hadma Yuliani (State Islamic University of Palangka Raya)

ENTITA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial
Special Edition: Renaisans 2nd International Conference of Social Studies

This study aims to analyze students’ self-efficacy and science process skills as a basis for developing a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based physics laboratory design integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI). A mixed-methods approach was used with a sample of 46 high school students. Data were collected via a questionnaire and analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods based on percentage categories. The results of the study indicate that students’ self-efficacy was in the range of ±70% (high category: 51%–75%), science process skills at ±69% (high category: 51%–75%), and perceptions regarding the use of AI at ±68% (high category: 51%–75%). Some indicators even reached the very high category (76%–100%), such as the use of AI in understanding physics concepts (80.43%). However, some indicators were still in the low category (26%–50%), such as independence in designing experiments (46.74%) and doubts and concerns regarding AI use (45.65%–49.46%). Additionally, there was a tendency for students to accept information from AI without critical verification. These findings highlight the need to develop PBL-AI-based physics laboratory designs that not only integrate technology but also emphasize strengthening students’ independence, critical thinking skills, and the validation of scientific information.