Review on effect of interpass temperature for wire arc additive manufacturing process

Nor Ana Rosli (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia)
Mohd Rizal Alkahari (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia)
Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia)
Lailatul Harina Paijan (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia)
Mohd Syafiq Abd Aziz (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia)
Mohamad Nordin Mohamad Norani (MAHSA University, Malaysia)

Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) enables the efficient fabrication of large metal components through high deposition rates. The process offers notable advantages, including the ability to produce complex geometries and reduce overall manufacturing costs. However, forming accuracy remains a major limitation. The layer-by-layer deposition approach in WAAM often leads to geometrical distortion, which negatively impacts dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, this review focuses on the influence of interpass temperature in the range from 15°C to 600°C for controlling the heat accumulation and improving dimensional accuracy. The effects of interpass temperature on macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical properties are critically discussed in various materials. The findings reveal that, despite its significant impact on build quality, standardized interpass temperature guidelines and material-specific optimization strategies remain limited, highlighting the need for systematic investigations and integrated thermal–process control frameworks in future WAAM research.