Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Issue in Progress

Enhancing pyrolysis oil yield and quality via low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis of pet waste over activated carbon derived from euxideroxylon zwageri

Ahmad Yani (Brawijaya University, Indonesia)
Widya Wijayanti (Brawijaya University, Indonesia)
Mega Nur Sasongko (Brawijaya University, Indonesia)
Slamet Wahyudi (Brawijaya University, Indonesia)
Dwi Irawan (Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
22 Jul 2026

Abstract

This study evaluates the low-temperature pyrolysis of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from room temperature to 350 °C using biomass-derived activated carbon from Euxideroxylon zwageri (EZAC) as a renewable catalyst/adsorbent. PET–EZAC blends (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, and 80:20; total feed 500 g) were processed in a fixed-bed reactor under an inert atmosphere. EZAC significantly shifted product distribution and exhibited an optimum at PET:EZAC = 90:10 (w/w), which produced the maximum oil yield of 543 mL (404 g; 80.8 wt%) and exceeded the oil yield from non-catalytic PET pyrolysis. Under this optimum condition, fuel-relevant properties improved, yielding an research octane number (RON) of 97 and a higher heating value (HHV) of 47.88 MJ/kg; the flash point and kinematic viscosity decreased to 13 °C and 2.384 cSt, respectively, while density remained nearly constant (0.772 g/mL). GC–MS results showed the most gasoline-like composition at PET:EZAC = 90:10, dominated by the C7–C10 fraction (62.95%) with a balanced hydrocarbon-class distribution (Alkanes 64.64%, Olefin 27.61%, and Aromatics 7.75%). MQ sensor-based gas profiles further suggested that EZAC accelerated the onset of H₂ and CH₄ formation, with peak sensor responses of 745 ppm for H₂ and 871 ppm for CH₄ at 20% EZAC. Overall, EZAC is a promising renewable material for steering secondary reactions during low-temperature PET pyrolysis, thereby improving both oil yield and oil quality.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

mesi

Publisher

Subject

Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

Description

Aims Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering science that combines the principles of physics and engineering mathematics with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems (mechanics, energy, materials, manufacturing) in solving complex engineering ...