A multiband sub-6 THz patch antenna with high gain for IoT and 6G communication

Redwan Al Mahmud Bin Asad Ananta (Daffodil International University)
Md. Sharif Ahammed (Daffodil International University)
Md Ashraful Haque (Daffodil International University)
Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh (INTI International University)
Kamal Hossain Nahin (Daffodil International University)
Jamal Hossain Nirob (Daffodil International University)
Md. Kawsar Ahmed (Daffodil International University)
Liton Chandra Paul (Pabna University of Science and Technology)

TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)
Vol 23, No 3: June 2025

This comprehensive study introduces a meticulously designed and characterized terahertz (THz) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna engineered to operate within the 0.4 THz to 1.6 THz frequency range. The antenna’s construction includes a copper patch and ground plane integrated into a polyimide substrate, ensuring exceptional durability and robust performance. Significantly, the antenna reveals four distinct resonance frequencies at 0.46 THz, 0.9 THz, 1.31 THz, and 1.44 THz each accompanied by bandwidths of 0.005 THz, 0.17 THz, and 0.34 THz, respectively. Moreover, the antenna delivers notable gains of 8.52 dB, 11.54 dB, and 13.25 dB at these frequencies, coupled with substantial efficiencies of 88.32%, 92.02%, and 89.89%, respectively. Additionally, the antenna showcases exceptional isolation of 26 dB, a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.003, and a diversity gain (DG) of 9.98. These remarkable attributes underscore the antenna’s aptness for high-performance THz applications, offering substantial advantages in terms of gain, efficiency, and isolation for next-generation wireless communication systems.