<![CDATA[Background Forearm passing is a fundamental volleyball skill that supports serve reception, defensive organization, and attack construction. Its successful execution requires a stable forearm platform, coordinated body positioning, and sufficient upper-body control. Although reverse push-up exercises are practical for developing upper-body strength and stability in school settings, evidence regarding their integration with passing practice among adolescent volleyball players remains limited Objectives This study examined changes in forearm passing accuracy after a six-week reverse push-up–supported training program among adolescent extracurricular volleyball players. Methods A one-group pretest–posttest study involved 31 students (19 boys and 12 girls) participating in a junior-high-school volleyball extracurricular program in Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants completed 16 supervised sessions across six weeks (approximately three sessions per week). Training combined progressive reverse push-up variations with forearm-passing practice. Passing performance was assessed before and after the program using a one-minute AAHPERD wall-volley target test. Paired changes were evaluated with a paired-samples t test, a 95% confidence interval (CI), standardized paired effect size (dz), and a Wilcoxon signed-rank sensitivity analysis. Results Mean scores increased from 18.87 ± 3.28 at pretest to 32.55 ± 4.65 at posttest. The mean improvement was 13.68 points (95% CI 12.44–14.91), equivalent to 72.48% of the baseline mean, t(30) = 22.59, p < .001, dz = 4.06. All 31 participants improved, with individual gains ranging from 6 to 18 points. The Wilcoxon analysis supported the direction of the primary result (V = 496, p < .001). Conclusion Forearm passing scores improved substantially during the six-week program. Reverse push-ups may be a practical conditioning component when integrated with task-specific passing drills in school volleyball. However, because this study lacked a control group and combined physical and technical training, these improvements cannot be attributed solely to reverse push-ups.]]>
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