Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol 15, No 1: February 2026

Delineating 12-lead ECG for automated ST-elevation and ST depression detection using deep learning

Bambang Tutuko (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Annisa Darmawahyuni (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Alexander Edo Tondas (Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital)
Muhammad Naufal Rachmatullah (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Firdaus Firdaus (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Ade Iriani Sapitri (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Anggun Islami (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Sukemi Sukemi (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Muhammad Fachrurrozi (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Siti Nurmaini (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Rendy Isdwanta (Universitas Sriwijaya)
Jordan Marcelino (Universitas Sriwijaya)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Feb 2026

Abstract

ST-elevation or ST-depression are markers of an abnormal heart condition detected through an electrocardiogram (ECG) where the tracing in the ST-segment is unusually elevated above the TP-segment (baseline). Identifying the localization of the ST-segment on an ECG is difficult because even a minor change in the ST-segment can be obscured by filtering processes. The 12-lead ECG signal is a non-invasive tool in the early detection of ST-elevation based on ST- and TP-segment, with quick and accurate interpretation. This study proposes a standard 12-lead ECG delineation model using deep learning (DL). The ECG signal has been segmented to Pstart–Pend, Pend–QRSstart, QRSstart–Rpeak, Rpeak–QRSend, QRSend-Tstart, Tstart–Tend, and Tend–Pstart. The study interpreted ST-elevation or -depression using an ECG delineation approach guided by medical rules. The findings revealed that the DL model achieved an average accuracy of 99.18%, sensitivity of 92.55%,specificity of 99.55%, precision of 92.61%, and F1-score of 92.52% in limb leads. Similarly, in chest leads, the DL model attained an accuracy of 99.16%, sensitivity of 93.10%, specificity of 99.53%, precision of 93.32%, and F1-score of 93.11%. This study also validated the DL-predicted results by a cardiologist from Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Indonesia.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

EEI

Publisher

Subject

Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Description

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Buletin Teknik Elektro dan Informatika) ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the ...