A novel quantum circuit-based adaptive quantum convolutional neural network for image classification

Reza Pamungkas Putra Sukanli (Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
Muhamad Akrom (Universitas Dian Nuswantoro)

Journal of Multiscale Materials Informatics
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): October (In Progress)

This study explores Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) starting from foundational quantum operations, such as the Rx gate for encoding MNIST image data into quantum states. We implemented quantum convolutional and pooling layers using one_unitary and two_unitary circuits, enabling effective feature extraction and dimensionality reduction while preserving critical information. Expressibility analysis revealed varying capabilities across different one_unitary circuits, with Rx, Ry, and Rz combinations demonstrating promising results akin to Haar random states. The proposed QCNN model exhibited robust performance metrics (accuracy: 95.98%, precision: 94.44%, recall: 96.59%, F1-score: 0.9551, AUC: 0.9604) in classification tasks, supported by efficient convergence during optimization. Future directions include expanding QCNN applications to handle more complex datasets and optimizing architectures to enhance quantum machine learning capabilities, particularly in image processing. This study underscores the potential of QCNNs in advancing quantum computing applications in neural network architectures.