INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
Vol 16, No 1 (2026): April

Population Redistribution in a Continuously Driven Λ-Type Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Roles of Relaxation-Path Asymmetry And Off-Resonant Coupling

Arik Ramadhan (Program Studi Fisika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak)
Bintoro Siswo Nugroho (Program Studi Fisika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak)
Asifa Asri (Program Studi Fisika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak)
Azrul Azwar (Program Studi Fisika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak)
Yudha Arman (Program Studi Fisika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak)



Article Info

Publish Date
03 Jun 2026

Abstract

Semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) exhibit optical responses that are strongly influenced by their internal level structure, relaxation pathways, and excitation intensity. This study investigates the time- and intensity-dependent population dynamics of a continuously driven single -type three-level SQD using the density-matrix formalism within the rotating-wave approximation. Dissipative processes are incorporated through Lindblad-type relaxation terms, while the transient and stationary responses are obtained, respectively, by numerical time integration and steady-state solution of the density-matrix equations. Special attention is given to the relaxation channel  and the off-resonant transition dipole moment . The results show that  primarily controls the transient redistribution route and the timescale required to reach the stationary regime, whereas the early oscillatory behavior remains dominated by the resonantly driven  transition. In the steady-state regime,  mainly determines how population leaving the upper state is partitioned between the two lower states, while  governs how readily the off-resonant  branch becomes active as the driving intensity increases. Consequently, the crossover from predominantly resonant two-level-like behavior to genuine three-level population redistribution is controlled by the combined action of relaxation-path asymmetry and off-resonant coupling strength. These findings provide a clearer mechanism-based interpretation of driven population redistribution in effective multilevel SQD systems.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ijap

Publisher

Subject

Astronomy Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

Description

Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics provides rapid publication of short reports and important research in all fields of physics. Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics publishes articles that are of significance in their respective fields whilst also contributing to the disclipline of physics as a ...