Jurnal Hukum to-ra: Hukum untuk mengatur dan melindungi masyarakat
Vol 12 No 1 (2026): April

TINDAKAN MANIPULATIF JASA ANIMAL COMMUNICATOR DI ERA MODERN: TINJAUAN KOMPARATIF PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DI INDONESIA DAN SINGAPURA

Christy (Universitas Internasional Batam)
Shenti Agustini (Universitas Internasional Batam)
Nurlaily (Universitas Internasional Batam)



Article Info

Publish Date
29 Apr 2026

Abstract

Animal communicator services in Indonesia raise legal issues because they are prone to manipulation and difficult to verify. Consumers are often harmed by exaggerated claims, misleading information, and the absence of clear compensation mechanisms. This study aims to identify and compare consumer protection in Indonesia and Singapore, as well as analyze regulatory weaknesses in Indonesia in order to formulate policy recommendations. Using normative juridical methods and a comparative legal approach, this study analyzes the urgency of reconstructing consumer protection using responsive law theory by Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick. The results show that the principle of freedom of contract can be abused to legitimize fraudulent practices, while consumers' rights to information, safety, choice, and compensation are often violated. Furthermore, overlapping regulations, such as the provisions between the UUPK and PP PMSE, weaken legal certainty. Therefore, legal reconstruction is necessary through more responsive regulations, strengthening dispute resolution institutions, and establishing transparency standards for service providers.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

tora

Publisher

Subject

Description

Focus and Scope Jurnal Hukum to-ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat is an open access and peer-reviewed journal that provides an academic platform for legal scholarship, particularly in the areas of governance policy, civil rights law, legal protection, and contemporary legal ...