Potential of fungi isolated from a mangrove ecosystem in Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia: Protease, cellulase and anti-microbial capabilities

AGUS TRIANTO (Department Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)
OCKY KARNA RADJASA (Department Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)
SUBAGIYO SUBAGIYO (Department Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)
HARTUTI PURNAWENI (Department Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Politic Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)
MUHAMMAD SYAIFUDIEN BAHRY (Tropical Marine Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia)
RIGNOLDA DJAMALUDIN (Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jl. Kampus Unsrat, Kleak-Bahu, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia)
AIYEN TJOA (Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tadulako. Jl. Soekarno Hatta Km. 9, Tondo, Mantikulore, Palu 94148, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia)
IAN SINGLETON (School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University. Sighthill Campus, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK)
KAREN DIELE (School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University. Sighthill Campus, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK)
DARREN EVAN (School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, New Castle University, Agriculture Building, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)

Abstract. Trianto A, Radjasa OK, Subagiyo, Purnaweni H, Bahry MS, Djamaludin R, Tjoa A, Singleton I, Diele K, Evan D. 2021. Potential of fungi isolated from a mangrove ecosystem in Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia: Protease, cellulase and anti-microbial capabilities. Biodiversitas 22: 1717- 1724. The high and relatively unexplored diversity of fungi present in the mangrove ecosystem represents a source of novel biotechnological importance. This study explored the potential of fungi isolated from the mangrove ecosystems to produce proteases and cellulases (commercially important enzymes) and their ability to inhibit pathogenic Vibrio species. Random samples of root, branch, leaf, sediments and litters were collected from 5 different mangrove sites in Manado, North Sulawesi, as a source of fungal isolates. The fungi were isolated on malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolates were identified mainly based on the molecular methods (18S gene sequence) and examined for their ability to produce proteases, cellulases, and activity against several Vibrio species. Altogether 288 species of fungi were isolated from all samples. The fungi, isolated from leaves showed the highest diversity. A fungal isolate 19 Mba-C2-1 Fusarium equiseti from Avicennia sp. leaf showed the highest protease activity. While, the isolate 19 MT-05-3 Hypocrea sp. from sediment had the highest cellulase activity. From the root of Rhizophora sp., the isolate 19 MT-04-3 identified as Trichoderma viride had the strongest activity against a range of Vibrio species. This work indicates the high potential of fungi isolated from mangrove ecosystems as a source of commercially important enzymes and novel antimicrobial compounds.