Effect of enviromental factors at multiple landscape scales on bird community in riparian ecosystem at Mun-Chi River confluence, Thailand

Warut Chaleekarn (Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. 50 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok 10900, Thailand)
Prateep Duengkae (Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. 50 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok 10900, Thailand)
Chattraphas Pongcharoen (Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. 50 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok 10900, Thailand)
Nantida Sutummawong (Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. 50 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok 10900, Thailand)
Pisut Nakmuenwai (Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University. 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, 73170 Nakhon Pathom, Thailand)
Sasithon Siripin (Protected Areas Regional Office 3 (Ban Pong), Wildlife and Plant Conservation. Ban Pong, Ratchaburi 70110, Thailand)
Chanon Chirachitmichai (Wildlife Conservation Society, Thailand Program, 55/295 Muangthong Thani 5. Chaengwattana Road, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 10210, Thailand)
Wuttisak Kummoo (The Protected Areas Regional Office 11 (Phitsanulok), Wildlife and Plant Conservation. 555 Mueang Phitsanulok District, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand)
Paanwaris Paansri (Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. 50 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok 10900, Thailand)
‪Warong Suksavate (Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. 50 Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok 10900, Thailand)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)

Abstract. Chaleekarn W, Duengkae P, Pongcharoen C, Sutummawong N, Nakmuenwai P, Siripin S, Chirachitmichi C, Kummoo W, Paansri P, Suksavate W. 2022. Effect of environmental factors at multiple landscape scales on bird community in riparian ecosystem at Mun-Chi River confluence, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5194-5204. Wetland and riparian ecosystem is an important migratory stopover for land and water birds in the East Asian - Australasian Flyway. Understanding relationship patterns between bird communities and environmental factors at multi-spatial scales within a landscape context could contribute to the conservation and management of bird biodiversity in wetland ecosystems. The landscape metrics index is critical in revealing the relationship between the composition of bird communities and habitats at both local and landscape scales. This study aims to determine the effect of the environmental factors at different designated spatial scales on the composition of local bird communities in terms of species and feeding guilds. Our study conducted a bird survey using 227-point transects along 40 tracks across different land cover types surrounding the Mun-Chi River confluence. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to quantify the association between bird communities, represented by species and feeding guilds, and environmental factors with the integration of multilevel habitat metrics. From the results, the CCA showed patterns of the community-environmental association at multiple scales of patch, class, and landscape characteristics with the proportional explanation of 54% and 61.82% for the composition of species and feeding guilds, respectively. The results indicated the premise that the majority of bird species respond to the habitat at the local scale. Large forest patches can maintain migratory and resident bird species. Moreover, most avian groups were arranged primarily in a large forest core area, forest area, and Shrubland PA. The results confirmed existing information on feeding guilds. The prediction map of the principal component of avian species composition was created from the association with the drivers of land use, including crops, perennial farmland, and water body on the edge of forests. Therefore, wetland management must be done at both local and landscape scales to preserve suitable avian habitats.