A genetic approach for authentication on morphological differences of cultivated pompano species in Indonesia

AGUS ALIM HAKIM (Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)
DIKRURAHMAN DIKRURAHMAN (Batam Marine Cultivation Fisheries Center (BPBL Batam), Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Jl. Raya Balerang Jembatan III, Batam 29400, Riau Islands, Indonesia)
SAHIDAN MUHLIS (Batam Marine Cultivation Fisheries Center (BPBL Batam), Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Jl. Raya Balerang Jembatan III, Batam 29400, Riau Islands, Indonesia)
RETNO PUJI ASTUTI (Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)
DYAH WIDYA SARI (Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)
MOHAMMAD MUKHLIS KAMAL (Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)

Abstract. Hakim AA, Dikrurahman, Muhlis S, Astuti RP, Sari DW, Kamal MM. 2022. A genetic approach for authentication on morphological differences of cultivated pompano species in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4561-4569. Due to the increasing demand for animal protein, the Batam Marine Cultivation Fisheries Center (BPBL Batam) developed pompano (Trachinotus spp.) for aquaculture. Because of the different external characteristics, local communities recognized three types of pompano, i.e., bintang, emas, andhibridpompano. The study aimed to prove the authenticity of cultivated pompano (Trachinotus spp.) with morphological differences based on a DNA barcoding approach with 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) partial genesequences. A total of 30 barcode sequences from COI and 16S rRNA genes were obtained from three types of pompano, and all samples were validated as Trachinotus blochii with percent identity of 99.85-100% by COI and 100% by 16S rRNA. Emas, bintang, and hibrid pompano also have the same or very similar GC content both based on COI and 16S rRNA sequences. The average genetic distances calculated between species in the genusTrachinotus were 0.09 and 0.02 among COI and 16S rRNA sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis constructed from COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences of all types of pompano and related species segregated genus into one clade (T. blochii) and the outgroup (other species) as another clade. This study contributed essential genetic data to the NCBI database both COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Despite having morphological differences, all types of pompano were successfully authenticated into the same species because they have identical nucleotide base arrangements and can be presumed from the same ancestor.